Friday, June 10, 2022

Much of the January 6 Congressional Report may have been known back in April 2021




International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI)






Internal Pentagon document confirms military standdown during January 6 coup attempt

Jacob Crosseg = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" />11 April 2021

Over the weekend the Associated Press (AP) revealed the contents of an internal Pentagon report detailing a series of calls made between lawmakers and the Department of Defense during the attack on Congress on January 6. The report demonstrates that Trump-appointed officials within the Pentagon purposefully forestalled the deployment of military forces for hours even as lawmakers and Vice President Mike Pence pleaded for help while fascist-led mobs hunted and called for their deaths inside the Capitol.

The report states that at 4:08 p.m. on January 6, over two hours after windows at the Capitol were breached by members of the fascist Proud Boys, Pence called acting Secretary of Defense Christopher Miller and demanded he “clear the Capitol.”

The AP wrote that Pence’s phone call to Miller “lasted only a minute” and that Pence, who was still trapped in a “secure location,” asked for a deadline as to when the Capitol would be clear. The AP wrote that Pence was forced to make the call because the coup-plotter Trump was “not engaged” during the attack on Congress.

In this Jan. 6, 2021, file photo rioters try to break through a police barrier at the Capitol in Washington. (AP Photo/John Minchillo, File)

This meant that the authority to deploy the D.C. National Guard resided in the hands of acting Defense Secretary Miller, a former Special Forces commander and Trump loyalist.

In addition to Pence, the Pentagon report indicated that congressional leaders were also making desperate appeals to military officials seeking the deployment of the National Guard.

“We need help,” Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer told General Mark Milley, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and other military and Pentagon officials more than an hour after the Senate chamber had been breached, the AP reported. By 3:19 p.m. both Schumer and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi were calling the Pentagon demanding the deployment of the National Guard to the Capitol.

Lawmakers were being ferried in underground tunnels away from the approaching mob of Trump supporters, far-right militia members and neo-Nazis, some were wielding clubs, bear mace and ropes. Apparently high-ranking Pentagon officials were more concerned with protecting themselves than any lawmakers.

The AP reported that by 3:37 p.m., “the Pentagon sent its own security forces to guard the homes of defense leaders. No troops had yet reached the Capitol.”

At 3:44 p.m. Schumer called the Pentagon again and told officials, “Tell POTUS to tweet everyone should leave.” At the same time, House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer inquired to Pentagon officials about deploying active duty troops to the Capitol.

Despite Pence making the call to Miller at 4:08 p.m., Miller’s approval to D.C. National Guard Commander William Walker to deploy the Guard would not come until an hour later, at 5:08 p.m. The call from Pence to Miller occurred roughly two hours and 19 minutes after Walker originally sought approval from Miller to deploy his soldiers to the Capitol to assist overrun police.

By roughly 4:30 p.m., about 13 minutes after Trump tweeted to his “special” followers to “go home and go in peace,” Miller gave his approval to Walker to send the National Guard to the Capitol. However, he would not be told that for nearly 40 minutes.

Despite the apparent approval given to Walker, by about 4:40 p.m. Pelosi and Schumer were again on a call with Gen. Milley and the rest of the military leadership, demanding that acting Secretary Miller “secure the perimeter.”

The timeline noted that during the 30-minute phone call, Pelosi and Schumer “accused the National Security apparatus of knowing that protestors planned to conduct an assault on the Capitol.”

This stunning revelation further demolishes claims from the intelligence agencies as well as D.C. Metropolitan and Capitol Police chiefs that there was “no intelligence” that the January 6 rally would turn violent and that Congress itself was the target.

Underscoring the need to subpoena the entire Pentagon civilian and military leadership and the heads of the various intelligence agencies to ascertain their involvement and knowledge in the attempted overthrow of the election, the report also revealed on January 3, Milley, Trump and his entire cabinet had all gathered to discuss deploying the National Guard in preparation for the planned rally. During the meeting, Trump approved the activation of the D.C. National Guard, telling Miller to “take whatever action [was] needed as events unfolded,” according to the AP.

Following the meeting, Miller and Secretary of the Army Ryan McCarthy issued two memos, which would severely limit the ability of the D.C. National Guard to play any effective security role on January 6.

A January 5 memo from McCarthy to Walker prohibited Walker from deploying a quick reaction force of soldiers without prior approval from McCarthy. A January 4 memo from Miller to McCarthy prohibited Walker from deploying D.C. Guardsmen with weapons, helmets, body armor or riot control agents without the approval of Miller and allowed McCarthy to deploy the aforementioned quick reaction force “only as a last resort.”

On March 3, Walker testified before the Senate Rules and Homeland Security committees that these memos were unlike anything else he had experienced in his military career in that “it required me to seek authorization from the secretary of the Army and the secretary of defense to essentially even protect my Guardsmen.”

Walker testified that the three-hour 19-minute delay left him “stunned and frustrated.” He also said that during the June 1 protests against police violence, Army Secretary McCarthy was “right by my side” ready to approve any request he had. But at the time of the January 6 assault, Walker testified that McCarthy was “unavailable” to approve his requests.

Miller was appointed as acting secretary of defense after Trump fired previous Secretary Mark Esper on November 9. Esper sealed his fate with Trump after he publicly opposed Trump’s June 1 threat to invoke the Insurrection Act and deploy active duty soldiers to major US cities to quash mounting protests against police violence. Esper’s position was shared by Milley, both of whom feared the use of troops would provoke massive resistance in the working class that would spiral out of their control.

Even though the entire cabinet, Gen. Milley and Trump were discussing the possibility of violence and the need for the National Guard at the Capitol three days before the attempted coup, none of the domestic intelligence agencies issued reports that would normally accompany such threats, deeply implicating them in the plot to halt the certification of the election.

In congressional testimony earlier last month, FBI Director Christopher Wray confirmed that the FBI did not issue a threat assessment for January 6. Melissa Smislova, a senior official with the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), confirmed at the same hearing that the DHS did not designate the January 6 joint session as a National Security Special Event, despite the numerous well-known threats.

The report is the latest damning piece of evidence demonstrating that the January 6 attack was not the result of a few excitable Trump zealots overwhelming a suspiciously underprepared Capitol Police force. Rather it was a coordinated operation between fascist militias, sections of the police, military, intelligence agencies and the Republican Party to overturn the results of the election and install Trump as president-dictator.

The release of the report reflects the still ongoing and unprecedented crisis within the capitalist state over three months after the attempted coup. According to the AP, the document was “obtained” by them, and its contents were “vetted by current and former government officials.”

Taking their cue from President Joe Biden and the Democratic Party, the mainstream press has largely ignored the damning report, with neither the Democratic-aligned Washington Post nor New York Times devoting an article to the stunning report more than 24 hours after its publication.

This continues the line advanced by Biden and the Democratic Party, who above all seek to foster “unity” with their “Republican colleagues” in order to chloroform the working class to the danger of fascism and continue their shared class agenda. To expose the involvement of the police and military in the attempted coup could trigger a massive social explosion from below against the state and both political parties.

In order to prevent this, Pelosi and former Homeland Security officials have rekindled discussions about a joint “9-11 style commission” into the events of January 6. The fact is the establishment of such a commission would be an effort to conceal rather than reveal the full extent of the “insider threat.”

More than three months after the attempted coup, the Democratic Party, despite controlling both houses of Congress and the executive branch, has yet to subpoena any high-ranking Pentagon officials to explain their seditious actions. This fact alone underscores the need for an independent investigation to be conducted outside the control of the Democratic Party, a party of Wall Street and the military.

Thursday, June 9, 2022

June 9, 2022: Johns Hopkins COVID 19 Situation Report

COVID-19 Situation Report

Editor: Alyson Browett, MPH

Contributors: Clint Haines, MS; Noelle Huhn, MSPH; Natasha Kaushal, MSPH; Amanda Kobokovich, MPH; Christina Potter, MSPH; Matthew Shearer, MPH; Marc Trotochaud, MSPH; and, Rachel A. Vahey, MHS.

MONKEYPOX OUTBREAKS UPDATE Read our latest update from June 1 on the monkeypox outbreaks and visit our monkeypox resource page. We will continue to analyze the situation and provide updates, as needed. If you would like to receive these updates, please sign up here.

EPI UPDATE The WHO COVID-19 Dashboard reports 531 million cumulative cases and 6.30 million deaths worldwide as of June 8*. The global weekly incidence decreased for the third consecutive week, down 8.4% from the previous week. All WHO regions reported decreasing weekly trends, except the Eastern Mediterranean (+19.5%) and South-East Asia (+1.2%) regions. Notably, the Eastern Mediterranean region is reporting the lowest total weekly incidence—21,116 new cases—so even small changes are proportionately larger than in other regions. Weekly incidence decreased in the Americas for the first time since early April, down 1.5% from the previous week. Global weekly mortality decreased for the 16th consecutive week**, down 17.9% from the previous week and nearly 90% from the most recent high in early February. The weekly total (8,153 deaths) is the lowest since the week of March 9, 2020, very early in the pandemic.

*The WHO COVID-19 dashboard indicates that there is a delay in reporting for the African Region, so the current totals may not be complete.

**With the exception of a 1-week spike the week of March 21, which appears to be the result of a reporting anomaly in the Americas and South-East Asia.

The Omicron variant of concern (VOC) continues to account for essentially all analyzed SARS-CoV-2 samples worldwide. Together, the BA.2 sublineages represent 86.2% of all sequenced specimens last week***. Both the BA.4 (4.1%) and BA.5 (8.8%) sublineages are increasing in prevalence, and collectively, the BA.1 sublineage represents less than 0.2% of sequenced specimens last week. The WHO now categorizes the Delta VOC as “previously circulating,” joining the Alpha, Beta, and Gamma variants.

***Reported in GISAID.

UNITED STATES

The US CDC is reporting 84.9 million cumulative cases of COVID-19 and 1,004,732 deaths. The average daily incidence appears to be peaking, down slightly from the most recent high of 110,433 on May 26 to 104,511 on June 7. The average fell briefly following the US Memorial Day holiday weekend in late May; however, reporting has largely recovered, and the overall trend now shows early signs of a longer-term decline. Despite the current surge in daily incidence, daily mortality continues to remain relatively steady at approximately 290 deaths per day*—with the exception of the week following the Memorial Day holiday weekend. Looking at regional trends, this appears to be the result of daily mortality from the first Omicron surge continuing to decline in some parts of the country (eg, Regions 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10), while it increased slightly in regions that were affected earliest in the current surge (eg, Regions 1, 2, and 3).

*Changes in state-level reporting may affect the accuracy of recently reported data, particularly over weekends. In an effort to reflect the longer-term trends, the numbers reported here may not correspond to the most recent dates.

Both new hospital admissions (+6.3% over the past week) and current hospitalizations (+8.4%) continue to increase; however, both trends appear to be tapering off. Community transmission in the US continues to be driven by the BA.2.12.1 sublineage of Omicron (62.2%), followed by BA.2 (24.8%), BA.5 (7.6%), and BA.4 (5.4%). These variants represent essentially all new SARS-CoV-2 infections in the US. Analysis from Our World In Data—based on data from the US Department of Health and Human Services—indicates that US test positivity continues to increase, up to 13.8% on June 3. The current average is 30% higher than the peak of the Delta surge (10.6%), but still considerably lower than the first Omicron surge (29.2%).

NOVAVAX SARS-COV-2 VACCINE EUA The US FDA’s Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee (VRBPAC) met on June 7 to discuss the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) application for Novavax’s 2-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccine for use in adults aged 18 years and older. At that meeting, the VRBPAC members voted nearly unanimously—21-0, with 1 abstention—in support of issuing the EUA. The FDA is not obligated to follow the committee’s recommendations, but it usually does. In clinical trials, the vaccine demonstrated an overall efficacy of 90% against symptomatic COVID-19 disease and 100% efficacy against moderate or severe disease. The FDA briefing document released ahead of the meeting showed that adverse events associated with the vaccine were generally mild and short-lived. Only 6 of the vaccinated trial participants, of nearly 30,000 total, experienced the heart inflammation conditions of myocarditis or pericarditis, which was similar to the placebo arm.

If the FDA issues an EUA for the Novavax vaccine, it would be the fourth SARS-CoV-2 vaccine authorized in the US, but the first to use a protein-based technology. There is hope that the vaccine’s more traditional platform will help entice those skeptical of mRNA vaccines to get vaccinated. If authorized, the Serum Institute of India (SII) will manufacture the Novavax vaccine for the US. Novavax faced manufacturing quality issues in early 2021, which delayed clinical trials. Novavax also has manufacturing facilities in the Czech Republic, Australia, and Canada.

MODERNA OMICRON-SPECIFIC BOOSTER Moderna announced Phase 2/3 clinical data for its Omicron-specific candidate booster dose. The bivalent booster contains Moderna’s original Spikevax vaccine and a candidate vaccine that specifically targets the Omicron variant. In a clinical trial of more than 400 participants, it demonstrated superior antibody response against Omicron 1 month after administration, compared to the original Spikevax vaccine alone. Against the Omicron variant, the candidate booster stimulated a neutralizing antibody response that was 1.75 times that of the monovalent Spikevax booster. Binding antibody titers against all other variants of concern (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta) were also significantly higher than those stimulated by the original vaccine. Moderna indicated that it will seek authorization for the new candidate to be available in late 2022. The Moderna press release did not report any data regarding the booster’s performance specifically against the BA.4 or BA.5 Omicron subvariants that now represent 13% of new cases in the US.

US COVID-19 FUNDING The Biden Administration announced that the federal government will reallocate US$10 billion in COVID-19 funding due to failure of the US Congress to authorize additional emergency funding. Specifically, the reallocation will move funding originally allotted for domestic testing and the procurement of personal protective equipment (PPE) to enable future purchases of new or updated vaccines and expand the availability of Paxlovid and other therapeutics. The Biden Administration stressed that these tradeoffs leave the US more susceptible to a prolonged COVID-19 response and urged the Congress to make progress on stalled supplemental funding.

US STATE-LEVEL COVID-19 POLICY DATABASE In spring 2020, shortly after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers at Boston University established the COVID-19 US State Policies (CUSP) database to track rapidly changing state-level COVID-19 response policies and strategies. This tool not only updated information as states implemented and removed various protective measures, restrictions, and other mitigation and response strategies during the pandemic, it also provides a valuable resource for those researching the evolution of response efforts over the course of the pandemic. CUSP also enables visualizations of state policies and COVID-19 epidemiological data to support efforts to analyze the effects of various policies and response activities.

Researchers from Boston University, along with colleagues from the Johns Hopkins and Wake Forest Universities, recently published a detailed overview of the database and its capabilities. In addition to a description of the breadth of sources and documents reviewed to compile the state-level policies and the processes implemented to maintain the updated database, the article—published in BMC Public Health—highlights CUSP’s utility to support research efforts. The authors identify a number of recent studies on mitigation strategies, economic policies, vaccine allocation, and other aspects of the COVID-19 response that have already leveraged CUSP data to provide valuable insight to support ongoing COVID-19 response decision-making. The authors also note that similar databases have facilitated longer-term research following previous emergencies, including the 2008 financial crisis. This database will provide valuable historical data as researchers investigate various aspects of the US COVID-19 response and their associated impacts—including on physical and mental health, the economy, and social dynamics—for years to come.

JAPAN Following the peak of its current COVID-19 surge, the Japanese government announced that it will begin lifting travel restrictions and, starting June 10, allow international tourists to enter the country for the first time since early in the pandemic. The new policies still include a number of restrictions and protective measures for international travelers, including mandatory mask use. Additionally, international tourists will be required to coordinate their travel with local travel agencies and remain with their chaperones/tour guides, who will monitor compliance with mask use and other restrictions, throughout their visit. Additionally, tour guides have been instructed to select itineraries that avoid densely populated areas and to select hotels that have COVID-19 mitigation measures in place. The Japanese government will also require each visitor to have health insurance coverage that would cover the cost of COVID-19 treatment, in the event they become ill during their trip. Individuals who fail to comply with the restrictions may be deported.

MENTAL HEALTH Researchers from Denmark published findings from a study on changes in mental health in Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study, published in Annals of Epidemiology, analyzed data from more than 36,000 adults aged 50 years and older (mean: 70.1 years) across 27 countries, collected as part of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) and the SHARE Corona Survey. They compared data from surveys collected before the pandemic to those collected since it began.

Compared to before the pandemic, the participants exhibited a decreased risk of feeling “sad or depressed” (-14.4%) or having trouble sleeping (-9.9%), but a slightly higher risk of experiencing feelings of loneliness (+1.2%). Women exhibited a significantly larger increase in the risk of feelings of loneliness (+2.3%) compared to men, who actually exhibited decreased risk of loneliness (-0.42%, although not a statistically significant decrease compared to pre-pandemic). Additionally, individuals in countries with greater degrees of COVID-19 restrictions experienced smaller decreases in the risk of sadness or depression and larger increases in the risk of loneliness, compared to those in countries with fewer restrictions. Individuals with larger close social networks (2 or more people) before the pandemic exhibited larger decreases in the risk of sadness/depression and sleep problems than those with smaller close social networks (0 or 1 person). Interestingly, though, individuals with larger social networks were at higher risk for loneliness during the pandemic (+2.3%), whereas those with smaller social networks actually exhibited a significant decrease in the risk of loneliness (-1.9%). And individuals who had COVID-19 exhibited higher risk of loneliness (+3.1%) compared to those who did not (+1.0%). The authors emphasized the need to study the longer-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, particularly those stemming from restrictive public health measures, such as “lockdowns.”

Tuesday, June 7, 2022

June 7, 2022: Johns Hopkins COVID 19 Situation Report

COVID-19 Situation Report

Editor: Alyson Browett, MPH

Contributors: Clint Haines, MS; Noelle Huhn, MSPH; Natasha Kaushal, MSPH; Amanda Kobokovich, MPH; Christina Potter, MSPH; Matthew Shearer, MPH; Marc Trotochaud, MSPH; and, Rachel A. Vahey, MHS.

NOVAVAX VACCINE The US FDA’s Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee (VRBPAC) is meeting today to discuss and vote on the question of whether the benefits of Novavax’s 2-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccine outweigh the risks of use among adults. The Novavax vaccine uses decades-old technology, and a vaccine using more traditional technology could help fill gaps in vaccination coverage among those who are hesitant to be vaccinated with shots using newer mRNA technology. In clinical trials, the vaccine demonstrated 90.4% efficacy in preventing mild, moderate, or severe infections with older variants, and 100% efficacy in preventing moderate or severe infection. However, it is unclear how effective the vaccine is against currently circulating Omicron subvariants. There also are concerns over the risk of the heart conditions myocarditis and pericarditis associated with the vaccine, particularly among young men, outlined in a briefing document for the meeting. These rare occurrences of heart inflammation also are associated with the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna mRNA vaccines. Notably, there is not enough data to evaluate the Novavax vaccine for use among pregnant women, children, or immunocompromised individuals.

If VRBPAC recommends the vaccine and the FDA grants emergency use authorization, after also evaluating information about the company’s manufacturing processes, the vaccine will be the fourth authorized for use in the US and could be available later this summer. The Novavax vaccine, one of 6 candidates supported by Operation Warp Speed, is authorized for use among adults in dozens of countries, as well as by the WHO and European Union.

BOOSTER EFFECTIVENESS DURING OMICRON Researchers continue to examine the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines booster doses in preventing infection during Omicron predominance. A research letter published on June 2 in JAMA examines the association between booster doses and Omicron infections among US National Basketball Association (NBA) players and staff between December 1, 2021, and January 15, 2022. A full vaccine regimen and a booster dose was required for staff members, but vaccination was optional for players. During the study period, the proportion of participants who were fully vaccinated but not boosted dropped from 26% to 8%, while the proportion of participants who received a booster rose from 49% to 85%. There were 608 SARS-CoV-2 infections among the boosted population and 127 infections among the unboosted population. While it appears that more cases occurred among vaccinated individuals, it is important to remember that the total size of the 2 populations varied widely. As a result, the whole number must be standardized to accurately reflect booster effectiveness. Overall, the study found that boosted participants were significantly less likely to develop SARS-CoV-2 infection or symptoms of COVID-19.

Another study published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases examined the connection between booster doses and Omicron infection in Spain. The study utilized data from 3 national registries, matching individuals who had completed their primary vaccination series at least 3 months earlier with those who had not, and who were aged 40 years or older and had not previously tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Between January 3 and February 6, 2022, the researchers looked for laboratory-confirmed infections among the study population, finding the average estimated effectiveness for boosters protecting against Omicron infection for 1 month after administration was 51%. Notably, booster effectiveness was higher when a longer time passed between the initial primary vaccine regimen and the booster dose. Effectiveness also varied slightly depending on which vaccine was used for the booster. Overall, both studies indicate that booster doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines remain an effective means of protection, even if only for a short period of time following vaccination.

NEXT-GENERATION VACCINE DEVELOPMENT Health experts in the US are discussing the next generation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. While individuals who are fully vaccinated and boosted have a lower overall risk of COVID-19-associated hospitalization and death than people who are not up-to-date on their vaccinations, even boosted populations can acquire and transmit SARS-CoV-2 due to waning immunity and the ability of newer Omicron subvariants to evade both natural and vaccine-induced immunity. As a result, the US FDA’s Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee (VRBPAC) is scheduled to meet on June 28 to discuss whether and how the SARS-CoV-2 strain composition of vaccines should be modified. Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna are conducting clinical trials of modified versions of their vaccines that target multiple variants, including more recent Omicron subvariants, and 2 additional novel SARS-CoV-2 vaccine designs are in clinical trials, including a plant-based vaccine and a receptor binding domain (RBD)-dimer-based vaccine. Additionally, different delivery methods, such as inhaled nasal administration, could produce better mucosal immunity and potentially reduce breakthrough infections.

As the next generation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are being developed, health officials are speculating about whether booster doses will be needed annually, similar to a flu shot. The aspiration is a pancoronavirus that protects against all variants and sublineages, including possibly yet-to-emerge versions. While some experts believe the science is available to develop a pancoronavirus vaccine, the sense of urgency and the funding for such an effort are not. The US Congress remains deadlocked over negotiations for additional COVID-19 funding that would help progress research on future SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

US VACCINE WASTE According to data from the US CDC, more than 82 million doses (11%) of distributed SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the US were wasted between December 2020 and May 2022. This demonstrates an upward trend, as roughly 65 million doses were estimated to be wasted as of February 2022, when the figures were last reported. Over a quarter of doses thrown away were distributed by CVS (11.8 million doses) and Walgreens (8.3 million doses), the 2 largest US retail pharmacy chains. Other pharmacies and health centers, including Rite Aid, Costco, and DaVita, wasted fewer overall doses but a higher share of their received doses than CVS and Walgreens. Demand for the vaccines has plateaued, and in some parts of the country demand has dropped. Less than half of fully vaccinated US residents have received a booster shot (47%) as of June 6.

Packaging is a large contributing factor to vaccine wastage. The SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are packaged in multidose vials, and if a vial is not quickly used after opening, it has to be discarded due to their short shelf life under emergency authorizations. Concerns around vaccine wastage due to packaging are not unique to the US. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the WHO cautioned that large vaccination campaigns using multidose vials will experience significant rates of vaccine wastage. The CDC is working with vaccine manufacturers to produce single-dose vials to help reduce waste. Additionally, Pfizer is making adjustments to extend shelf-life, improve handling and storage requirements, and minimize waste.

OMICRON SUBVARIANT IMPACTS Sublineages of the Omicron variant of concern continue to edge out previously dominant variants. Prevalence of the latest subvariant, BA.2.12.1, nearly tripled in the US between mid-April and late-May, and it appears the newer BA.4 and BA.5 sublineages are gaining ground among the nation’s population. However, the US CDC is aggregating genomic data with B.1.1.529, making it difficult to parse out exactly what proportion of cases are due to these newest subvariants. While much of the population has some immunity from either previous infection or vaccination, with or without 1 or 2 booster doses, reinfection remains a real risk as immunity fades over time or newer, potentially more transmissible or virulent, variants emerge. BA.4/5 appear to cause little severe disease but are highly transmissible and capable of immune escape, so we likely can expect another wave of infection due to these subvariants. Notably, BA.4/5 appear to be responsive to boosters, albeit with waning protection, as well as monoclonal antibodies and antivirals. However, unvaccinated individuals, even those with some immunity from infection with previous strains, are most at risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes.

A new report, which is not yet peer-reviewed, estimates the US death toll of each variant. According to the researchers from Yale University and Public Citizen, nearly half of COVID-19 deaths (46%) have occurred after the ancestral strain of SARS-CoV-2 was replaced by variants. The research dispels the myth that Omicron causes less severe disease than previous variants. This year, more deaths have been among older adults, especially those in long-term care facilities. The research highlights the importance of continuing vaccination and other public health strategies as long as the virus is circulating and underlines the need for additional surveillance to detect the emergence of new variants. A partnership among the US CDC, Ginkgo Bioworks Inc., and the airport-based massage and nail salon XpresSpa is hoping to fill some surveillance gaps, launching a testing service for international travelers that already has found both positive cases and new SARS-CoV-2 mutations. This type of partnership, if continued and expanded, could help to monitor for other biological threats into the future.

PAXLOVID EFFECTIVENESS The US FDA authorized the COVID-19 antiviral treatment Paxlovid in December 2021 for early COVID-19 treatment among anyone aged 12 and older who are at high risk for progression to severe COVID-19 based on data collected from its use among unvaccinated individuals during the Delta variant surge of 2021. An accepted manuscript by researchers in Israel published last week in Clinical Infectious Diseases evaluates the effectiveness of Paxlovid in a real-world setting among vaccinated and unvaccinated adults during Omicron variant predominance. According to the study, treatment with Paxlovid reduced the risk of severe COVID-19 or death by about half (46%) regardless of vaccination status, while up-to-date vaccination reduced the risk 80%. Notably, Paxlovid was more effective in older patients, immunocompromised patients, and those with underlying neurological or cardiovascular disease, and no interaction was observed between Paxlovid therapy and vaccination status.

Another preprint study posted to Research Square, also conducted by Israeli researchers, suggests Paxlovid is most effective among older adults (>=65 years), reducing the risk of COVID-19 hospitalization by 67% and COVID-19 mortality by 81%. However, patients aged 40-64 years, regardless of prior immunity, saw no significant benefit from Paxlovid treatment in reducing the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes. Some people are experiencing what is being called “Paxlovid rebound” or “COVID rebound”—a resurgence in viral load and symptoms days after finishing the 5-day course of medicine—although data on how many patients experience the rebound or their demographics are not available at this time. Pfizer, which makes the treatment, said it plans to spend US$120 million to boost its production to make 120 million courses this year.

The White House continues to expand its test-to-treat initiative, doubling the number of sites where Paxlovid is available nationally over the past 2 months. Additionally, the number of US prescriptions filled each week has increased nearly 7-fold over the past 2 months, according to a White House fact sheet published 2 weeks ago. Importantly, both studies from Israel, which showed the greatest benefit among older patients, call into question the widespread use of Paxlovid in the US. More than 1 million courses of the drug have been administered in the US, but it remains unclear who is taking it.

VACCINE MISINFORMATION DURING PREGNANCY Pregnancy-related misinformation about SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is common and persistent, leading about 1 in 5 US adults (18%) and about 3 in 10 women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant (29%) to believe in at least 1 of 3 false statements about vaccines and pregnancy, according to the latest findings of the Kaiser Family Foundation’s COVID-19 Vaccine Monitor. Larger proportions of those surveyed said they believe or are unsure of at least 1 of 3 false statements about pregnancy and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, including segments of the population that generally believe the vaccines are safe for adults. The survey, conducted in May, included responses from more than 1,500 US adults, including 900 women, who evaluated 3 false statements on vaccines and pregnancy, breastfeeding, and infertility. About 1 in 7 adults (14%) and almost 1 in 4 women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant (24%) incorrectly believe pregnant women should not be vaccinated against COVID-19, according to the survey.

Pregnant people are at an increased risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes, including death, and health experts recommend that pregnant people and those looking to become pregnant remain up to date on their vaccinations. Notably, vaccination of pregnant people likely has benefits to newborns, as well. Research out of Norway, published in JAMA Internal Medicine, suggests that infants born to women who had received a second or third vaccine dose during pregnancy were 33% less likely to test positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection at age 4 months than infants born to unvaccinated women. The difference between infants born to vaccinated versus unvaccinated women was more pronounced during Delta predominance, with those born to vaccinated women 71% less likely to test positive in the 4 months following birth. About 30% of pregnant people in the US remain unvaccinated.

COVID-19 DEATHS In discussions regarding how to best articulate the end of the COVID-19 pandemic emergency phase, officials in the administration of US President Joe Biden considered using a specific threshold of daily COVID-19 deaths but decided not to use that number as a formal metric. The exercise was meant more as a thought experiment, with the continuing goal to bring down the number of new infections and deaths. An average of 247 people are dying of COVID-19 each day as of June 5. At no point since the beginning of the pandemic have fewer than 200 people died of COVID-19 per day in the US for a sustained time period.

Iowa farmland sells for $25,000 per acre?

100-acre Plymouth County farm sells for $2.6M at auction

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Plymouth County farm

This 96.3-acre farm and 3.5-acre farm place, southeast of Le Mars, sold for more than $2.6 million at auction. The price per acre was significantly higher than average farmland in Plymouth County.

  • Brock Auction Company

Plymouth County farm

This 96.3-acre farm and 3.5-acre farm place, southeast of Le Mars, sold for more than $2.6 million at auction. The price per acre was significantly higher than average farmland in Plymouth County.

  • Brock Auction Company


This 96.3-acre farm and 3.5-acre farm place, southeast of Le Mars, sold for more than $2.6 million at auction. The price per acre was significantly higher than average farmland in Plymouth County.

  • Brock Auction Company


This 96.3-acre farm and 3.5-acre farm place, southeast of Le Mars, sold for more than $2.6 million at auction. The price per acre was significantly higher than average farmland in Plymouth County.

LE MARS, Iowa -- A farm in Plymouth County sold for $25,000 an acre on Friday, a price more than twice as high as the average in the county.

Bruce R. Brock, whose Brock Auction Company conducted the sale, said the land -- about 96.33 acres of farmland and a 3.67-acre farm place at 38625 200th St., a gravel road about 5 miles southeast of Le Mars -- sold for a total of more than $2.6 million.



The buyers are neighbors to the north of the farm, who Brock described as "a great farm family."

The land, which Brock described as top quality, was put up for sale following the death of Eilene L. Rolling, the owner of the farm. Rolling's husband had died several years earlier. The family had owned the land for decades.

"I think it was a very good farm, no question about it," Brock said in a phone call Sunday. "It had a lot going for it, it didn't take on any water from anybody else, there was just a teeny little bit of slope to it, so that the water drained well off it. It was top-quality soil, in a good, high state of productivity."


(As a description of the farm on Brock's auction website put it, "What more could you want.")

The auction was attended by more than 100 people, Brock said.

The price was well above average farmland values in Plymouth County or anywhere else in the state. As of 2021, an average acre of farmland in Plymouth County was valued at around $12,416 -- a 31.4 percent increase from the year prior, according to Iowa State University data. That figure was the fourth-highest in the state, behind only Sioux, O'Brien and Lyon counties.

Farmland in Northwest Iowa is generally the richest and most valuable in the state. 

Statewide, farmland values were up an average of 29 percent last year, according to ISU data. Prices are likely to increase further this year, as the war in Ukraine constricts global grain supplies, driving up farm revenues and the value of land.

"Last year, and the last couple months in 2020, we sold $78 million worth of land, and it just steadily went up and up and up and up and up," said Brock, who predicted that farm prices are likely to continue on their "up" path, with a possible "retracement or two for a short period of time."

"Then the land will come back strong. It's a good investment, there's no question about it," he added. "There's a lot of interest, we get several calls a week from people looking for farmland, of all types."

Above is from:  https://siouxcityjournal.com/news/local/100-acre-plymouth-county-farm-sells-for-2-6m-at-auction/article_bd983103-4dd2-5ec6-ba2a-cba1cca1ab35.html

Thursday, June 2, 2022

June 2, 2022: Johns Hopkins COVID 19 Situation Report

COVID-19 Situation Report

Editor: Alyson Browett, MPH

Contributors: Clint Haines, MS; Noelle Huhn, MSPH; Natasha Kaushal, MSPH; Amanda Kobokovich, MPH; Christina Potter, MSPH; Matthew Shearer, MPH; Marc Trotochaud, MSPH; and, Rachel A. Vahey, MHS.

MONKEYPOX OUTBREAKS UPDATE Read our latest update from June 1 on the monkeypox outbreaks and visit our monkeypox resource page. We will continue to analyze the situation and provide updates, as needed. If you would like to receive these updates, please sign up here.

EPI UPDATE The WHO COVID-19 Dashboard reports 527.6 million cumulative cases and 6.29 million deaths worldwide as of June 1. The global weekly incidence decreased (-11.4%) over the previous week. The weekly trend increased in the Americas (+9.2%) and Eastern Mediterranean (+1.4%), while decreasing trends were observed in the remaining 4 regions. The trend in reported global weekly mortality decreased for an eighth consecutive week, but appears to be slowing, down 2.2% from the previous week. The number of new weekly deaths increased in the Americas (+13.2%), Western Pacific (+18.3%), and Africa (+15.2%). The number of new weekly deaths decreased in the other 3 regions.

The Omicron variant of concern (VOC) accounts for nearly all analyzed samples, with BA.2 responsible for 75% of these. Other Omicron sublineages are responsible for nearly all other cases, with BA.1 accounting for 4%, BA.2.12.1 for 16%, BA.4 for 3%, and BA.5 for 2%.

UNITED STATES

The US CDC is reporting 84.2 million cumulative cases of COVID-19 and 1,002,422 deaths. The current average daily incidence appears to have peaked, falling to a 7-day moving average of 103,686 on May 31, down from a high of 110,350 on May 26. However, the decline could be due to delayed reporting attributable to the Memorial Day holiday. The average daily incidence on Memorial Day (May 30) this year is 5 times higher than the average reported on last year’s Memorial Day (May 31, 2021). Prior to the holiday weekend, Our World In Data reported 7-day average US test positivity of 12%. The daily mortality dropped slightly to an average of 264 deaths per day*, and we have not yet observed an increase corresponding to the surge in daily incidence. Hospital admissions of people with COVID-19 continue to trend upwards, although more slowly, with an increase of 6% over the past week. New cases continue to be driven by the the BA.2.12.1 sublineage of Omicron (59%), followed by the BA.2 subvariant (35%) and B.1.1.529 (6%).

*Changes in state-level reporting may affect the accuracy of recently reported data, particularly over weekends. In an effort to reflect the longer-term trends, the numbers reported here may not correspond to the most recent dates.

WHO ESTIMATED GLOBAL EXCESS DEATHS Scientists working with the WHO have admitted to errors in the estimated global excess deaths associated with COVID-19, data first reported in the beginning of May. In a preprint revision, the researchers lowered Germany’s estimated COVID-related deaths by 37% and increased estimates for Sweden by 19%. The numbers are not yet corrected in the project website, a living model that researchers will continuously update. WHO experts said they are working to correct the inaccuracies and communicate the changes.

PFIZER-BIONTECH EUA APPLICATION FOR UNDER-5 VACCINE On June 1, Pfizer-BioNTech completed their request to the US FDA for Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) of their SARS-CoV-2 vaccine for children ages 6 months through 4 years. A SARS-CoV-2 vaccine for this age group is greatly anticipated, as children have been more affected during the Omicron variant surges compared to past surges caused by other variants. The US FDA acknowledged receipt of Pfizer-BioNTech’s application and said its experts will be evaluating the data. The FDA’s Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee (VRBPAC) is scheduled to review EUA requests for both the Pfizer-BioNTech 3-dose vaccine regimen for children under age 5 and the Moderna 2-dose vaccine regimen for children under age 6 on June 15.

The under-5 age group is the only in the US that remains ineligible for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. However, parents remain divided on whether to jump at the opportunity to vaccinate their children once the option becomes available or wait. A Kaiser Family Foundation survey conducted in April found that 18% of parents would vaccinate their under-5 children as soon as the series becomes available, 11% would do so only if required, 38% would “wait and see,” and 27% indicated they would “definitely not” vaccinate their young children.

US TRAVEL MASK MANDATE The US Department of Justice on May 31 asked the 11th US Circuit Court of Appeals to overturn an April decision by a federal judge that struck down the mandate requiring masks on public transportation and in transit stations. In that April decision, US District Judge Kathryn Kimball Mizelle argued that the mandate violates the Administrative Procedure Act and exceeds the US CDC’s statutory authority. However, the Justice Department argues in a 48-page brief that a mask mandate falls squarely within the CDC’s authority to protect public health and argues the District Court did not show the agency acted outside the “zone of reasonableness.”

In related travel news, White House officials met this week with travel industry officials who are pushing for the Biden administration to end a requirement that vaccinated international travelers test for SARS-CoV-2 prior to flying to the US. Industry officials argue that the pre-departure test requirement is not in line with the current threat from COVID-19 and that it is harming the US economy, as travelers are visiting other nations that have dropped their testing mandates. Some medical and public health experts also question the usefulness of pre-departure testing, arguing the disease is already circulating in the US.

HEALTH SYSTEMS STRENGTHENING Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, international organizations and national governments have focused on the public health emergency and set aside little funding aimed at strengthening healthcare systems, particularly in relation to pandemic preparedness. A proposed Financial Intermediary Fund (FIF) for Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness and Response, to be hosted by the World Bank, has received US$962 million in pledges, but it remains unclear how much of those or future commitments will go directly to national governments to fortify their public health infrastructure versus directly funding medical countermeasures. The comment period on a World Bank white paper on the proposed FIF closed yesterday, and feedback will be valuable in clarifying priorities for the fund. Without additional and sustained assistance from international and national sources, low- and middle-income countries likely will continue to struggle to purchase sufficient equipment and medicines, and pay for qualified staffing, in order to take care of patients today and prepare for the next pandemic.

CHINA Following a surge in cases during March and April due to the Omicron variant of concern (VOC), the number of new COVID-19 cases in China has dropped significantly under the country’s stringent “zero COVID” strategy that employs widespread lockdowns, mass testing, and other mobility controls. In Shanghai, authorities are moving toward lifting strict lockdowns that have been in place for 2 months, heavily impacting the economy and, arguably, residents’ mental health. Though most residents are allowed to freely move about the city and return to work and school, COVID-19 restrictions continue to impact everyday life in the city, with residents needing to show negative PCR test results taken within the previous 72 hours to enter public spaces or access public transit. Officials hope that Shanghai’s reopening will quickly mobilize its manufacturing and export-heavy economy and help to correct a sharp economic slowdown. Beijing officials also announced restrictions in that city will be partially lifted, allowing people to return to work and resume shopping. While officials and state media laud the nation’s zero COVID policy, including a front-page feature in the People’s Daily declaring Shanghai’s victory over COVID-19, others cite mounting mental, social, and economic impacts on residents and question the policy’s endgame, with the looming threat of future lockdowns amid further outbreaks.

NORTH KOREA Last week, North Korean leader Kim Jong Un and other top officials discussed loosening tight COVID-19-related restrictions, maintaining that the nation’s first pandemic outbreak is receding. However, those claims are widely disputed, with the WHO stating that the situation likely is getting worse, not improving. The daily number of people reported as having fever has dropped from about 390,000 2 weeks ago to 96,000 today. The WHO has offered technical support and medical resources, including vaccines, on 3 separate occasions, but officials have declined those offers. Additionally, WHO officials have requested access to details about symptoms, transmission, and severity to better understand the nation’s situation, but have not yet received that information. North Korea’s claim to have controlled COVID-19 without vaccinations, lockdowns, or drugs raises many questions and concerns among experts, particularly because the outbreak there could have global implications.

PAXLOVID Some healthcare providers are reconsidering prescribing Paxlovid to very low-risk individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. The rationale is based on the potential for viral rebound, previously reported by the CDC, and that individuals who experience a rebound after completing isolation are more likely to transmit the virus to others before they are actually recovered. Therefore, some providers are choosing not to prescribe Paxlovid to individuals not meeting criteria for high-risk categories, instead hoping mild infections will run their course. Pfizer is currently reporting a rebound rate of about 2%. Still, the proportion could possibly be an underestimate, as there is low visibility on the true number of Paxlovid courses being prescribed and taken, and by which populations. Additionally, there is no central mechanism for people taking Paxlovid to report instances of adverse events or viral rebound. The US HHS Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness & Response (ASPR) maintains a website tracking ordered and dispensed COVID-19 therapeutics among US states and territories, but there is no demographic data associated with the numbers. Prescribers appear amenable to continuing to prescribe Paxlovid to high-risk individuals, as the drug reduced the risk of hospitalization and death by about 90% in clinical trials. Notably, those data are based on the use of Paxlovid among only unvaccinated people who were never previously diagnosed with COVID-19, highlighting the need for data on the drug’s use among other populations, including those who were previously vaccinated, previously infected, or are at low-risk of disease progression.

TESTING & ISOLATION The US CDC recommends that people who test positive for COVID-19 isolate for a minimum of 5 days and follow that with 5 days of wearing a mask if they are asymptomatic or symptoms are resolving. However, some people continue to test positive on at-home rapid antigen tests 5, 10, even 13 days after their initial diagnosis, raising concerns they might remain infectious longer than the recommended isolation period. Experts are divided as to whether rapid tests should be used as a bellwether of infectiousness but agree that the tests are a useful tool in helping people recovering from COVID-19 assess whether they should engage in certain activities after day 10, such as attending large indoor gatherings or visiting with elderly or immunocompromised people. Overall, people with COVID-19 in the US should continue to follow CDC guidance to help prevent further transmission of the virus.

NIH TREATMENT GUIDELINES The US NIH updated its Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment Guidelines on May 31. The updates include 4 new sections discussing the care of children critically ill with COVID-19 or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C); new information informing treatments to prevent blood clots among patients with COVID-19; additional rationale in sections discussing critical care for adults with COVID-19; new information about the use of Evusheld (tixagevimab/cilgavimab) for pre-exposure prophylaxis among immunocompromised individuals; and other information.

RESEARCH ROUNDUP The research roundup provides quick synopses of COVID-19-related research.

From BMJ, a living systematic review and network meta-analysis evaluating the effectiveness of heterologous and homologous SARS-CoV-2 vaccine regimens with and without boosters in preventing infection, hospitalization, and death. The researchers found that 3-dose mRNA vaccine regimens, regardless of being heterologous or homologous, are the most effective against asymptomatic and symptomatic infections with SARS-CoV-2 variants including Alpha, Delta, and Omicron. The effectiveness of 3-dose regimens against COVID-19-related mortality could not be determined.

From the European Heart Journal, a systematic review and meta-analysis of 158 observational studies from 49 countries on 6 continents looking at the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the care for and outcomes of cardiovascular (CV) diseases unrelated to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Overall, the pandemic severely disrupted CV-related care, with disparity in severity by country income classification. According to the researchers, the disruptions likely will have impacts well into the future, as the longer people wait for CV-related care, the more damage to the heart muscle, increasing the risk of adverse outcomes.

From JAMA Internal Medicine, a retrospective cohort study showing that pulse oximeters overestimate blood oxygen levels among darker-skinned COVID-19 patients—including those who are Asian, Black, and Hispanic—compared with White COVID-19 patients, possibly leading to delays in treatment. The findings point to one possible reason COVID-19 mortality rates have been higher in US communities of color.

From The Lancet Global Health, a modeling study estimating the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in the African region from the beginning of the pandemic through 2022. According to the model, only 1.4% of the region’s estimated 505.6 million SARS-CoV-2 infections were reported, and 35.3% of the region’s estimated 439,000 deaths were reported as COVID-19-related. While the number of estimated infections were similar in 2020 and 2021, 81% of the deaths were in 2021. The researchers estimate that SARS-CoV-2 infections will remain high throughout this year but deaths will be substantially reduced due to an estimated 52.3% of the region’s population having some SARS-CoV-2 immunity, mostly from previous infection.

From medRxiv, a preprint study examining the protection conferred by prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination during the Omicron wave within resident and staff populations. Even among individuals infected prior to or during the period of Delta predominance, a third dose of mRNA vaccine provided significantly more protection from infection with Omicron than the primary 2-dose series, suggesting booster doses should remain a priority even among populations with previous infection.

From medRxiv, a preprint study examining the effectiveness of the combination monoclonal antibody treatment Evusheld (tixagevimab/cilgavimab) as pre-exposure prophylaxis among adults who were immunocompromised or otherwise at high-risk of COVID-19 infection or severe disease. Compared with controls, treated individuals had lower incidences of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and all-cause mortality.

From medRxiv, a preprint study estimating the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Omicron BA.2/BA.2.12.1 surge in relation to official case counts and assessing the uptake of SARS-CoV-2 antivirals in New York City adult residents. According to the researchers, official surveillance data vastly underestimated the true magnitude of the recent BA.2/BA.2.12.1 surge, by about 30-fold, and among those residents with COVID-19, 56% were unaware of the availability of the antiviral Paxlovid.

From Nature Communications, a study evaluating the virus-neutralizing capacity against SARS-CoV-2 variants Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron among 62 pediatric patients who were hospitalized with severe COVID-19 or acute multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) and 65 pediatric outpatients who had recovered from mild COVID-19 prior to the emergence of Omicron. The researchers found that children who were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 or had MIS-C are not protected against Omicron, but children who had received a 2-dose vaccine regimen demonstrated high cross-neutralization against all variants, including Omicron. The findings support the need for vaccination of children.

From PLOS Medicine, the latest update to a living systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published through July 2021 showing that most SARS-CoV-2 infections are not persistently asymptomatic and those infections that were asymptomatic were less infectious than symptomatic infections. The researchers note that the true proportion of asymptomatic COVID-19 cases remains unknown.

From PLOS ONE, a prospective cohort study conducted in 2 community COVID-19 screening centers to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection by trained dogs compared with nasopharyngeal RT-PCR, saliva RT-PCR, and nasopharyngeal antigen testing. The overall sensitivity of canine olfactory detection was 97% and reached 100% in asymptomatic individuals compared to RT-PCR, while the specificity was 91% and 94% in asymptomatic individuals. For nasopharyngeal antigen testing, dog detection had higher sensitivity (97% vs 84%) but lower specificity (90% vs 97%). The study supports the use of dogs to quickly obtain results and could be used in the context of mass screening.

From PNAS, a large study drawing information from several datasets covering 92 regions on 6 continents to estimate the effect of mask wearing on SARS-CoV-2 transmission, adjusting for mobility and nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). The researchers found that the mean observed level of mask wearing corresponds to a 19% decrease in the reproduction number R, showing mask wearing in community settings is associated with a notable reduction in transm